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Dinorwig Power Station
The Dinorwig Power Station (; ) is a pumped-storage hydroelectric scheme, near Dinorwig, Llanberis in Snowdonia national park in Gwynedd, north Wales. It comprises of tunnels, 1 million tons of concrete, 200,000 tons of cement and 4,500 tons of steel. Its purpose is not to help meet peak loads but as a "Short Term Operating Reserve", to provide a fast response to short-term rapid changes in power demand.
== Purpose ==
The original purpose of the scheme was to deal with the difficulty that the National Grid would have had if the large numbers of nuclear power stations then planned had been built. Nuclear power stations must be run at close to full output all of the time so storage capacity was needed for excess power generated at times of low demand. Electric night storage heaters and the Economy 7 tariff fulfill a similar purpose.
The stalling of the UK nuclear power programme in the late 1980s and the coincident "dash for gas" increased the network's ability to respond to changes in demand, making the use of pumped storage for day/night load balancing less attractive. As a result, a similar facility planned for Exmoor was never built.〔http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/the-big-story/grid-connected-energy-storage-a-new-piece-in-the-uk-energy-puzzle/1014536.article〕 With the increase of renewables such as wind and solar power, storage is expected to increase.〔"(Understanding the Balancing Challenge )" ''Imperial College London'', August 2012. Retrieved: 22 January 2015. Size: 3.7MB in 115 pages.〕〔"(Strategic Assessment of the Role and Value of Energy Storage Systems in the UK Low Carbon Energy Future )" ''Imperial College London'', June 2012. Retrieved: 22 January 2015. Size: 4.5MB in 108 pages.〕〔Holmes, Dave. "(A closing window of opportunity )" ''Quarry Battery Company'', 26 August 2014. Retrieved: 22 January 2015.〕
Today, Dinorwig is operated not to help meet peak loads but as a STOR (Short Term Operating Reserve), providing a fast response to short-term rapid changes in power demand or sudden loss of power stations. In a common scenario (known as TV pickup), the end of a popular national television programme or advertising breaks in commercial television programmes send millions of consumers to switch on electric kettles in the space of a few minutes, leading to overall demand increases of up to .〔(National Grid leaflet: "Forecasting Demand" )〕 In anticipation of this surge, an appropriate number of units at Dinorwig (or other services competing for National Grid Reserve Service duty) may be brought on line as the closing credits start to roll. The monitoring of popular television channels is an important factor in electricity grid control centres.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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